Principal Economic Issues

TULISAN

Principal Economic Issues

1. According to the Economic Cost Flow Problems Classic

Of resource needs and desires are not limited to basic economic problem arises. Principal economic problem has existed and still exists today. The following will discuss key issues that have emerged since the economy of human life or social groups based on a review of classical economics and modern economics.

Represented by classical economics of Adam Smith. Prosperity lies not in gold, but on the goods. Showed an objec prosperity of the balance between the need and the object of satisfying the needs. Process to achieve the prosperity of a community is not easy. This is the fundamental economic problem in society.

According to the theory of classical economics, basic economic problems can be classified to three important issues, namely issues of production, distribution issues and consumption issues.

a. Production problems

To achieve prosperity, goods should be available in the community. Because the community is very heterogeneous, then the goods tersediapun diverse kinds, so there is a problem for manufacturers, namely what goods should be produced. Thus the concern when producing certain goods, but not consumed by the public.

b. Distribution Issues

In order for the goods / services that have been produced can be up to the right people, and it needed a good prasaranadistribusi. For example, garden crops require transportation infrastructure that supported a good way, in order to harvest quickly up to the consumer and does not tetimbun on manufacturers.

c. Consumption Issues

Production which has been distributed to the public, can ideally be used or consumed by the right people. Issues that arise, whether the item will be consumed appropriately by people who really need it or be useless because it is not accessible to the public, so that the consumption process is not running as it should.

2. According to the Basic Economic Problems of Modern Flow

Modern economists agree that with the resources available, there are at least three fundamental economic problems to be solved by the community as economic subjects.

a. What goods and services will be produced and How Much? (What and How Much?)

Given that resources are limited production and its use is an alternative, then the public should determine the type and quantity of goods and services to be produced. Communities can choose one or several kinds of bang and services to be produced by certain of the comparisons is deemed the most beneficial and most useful for the community to meet the needs.

If only a certain country producing weapons, nuclear missiles or even a computer. On the other hand banak produce food such as rice, wheat, vegetables, and fruits. So where weapons for the armed forces. With the activities of international trade, weapons needs can be met by way of purchase of the arms-producing countries.

b. How to Produce? (How?)

This question is about production techniques and capabilities adequate for mengkombinasikanfaktor-factor or resource that is in the process of production. With limited economic resources available, the manufacturer must be able to create an efficient production techniques. Therefore, the ability in the field of science and teknomogi needs to be improved.

c. For Whom the Goods and Services Produced? (For Whom?)

The question regarding to whom or which the society who enjoy the goods and services produced. Is every citizen gets the same or different parts.

Whether the goods / services only for rich people only? Is the national income has been distributed fairly? Should the salaries of managers tenfold from workers salary? Is cheap car project needs to be implemented so that low-income residents to consume it? All questions concerning to whom goods and services are produced.

The third problem above, ie what, how, and for Whom, are fundamental and are hook-hook with one another and are always faced by setiapnegara, both countries are berkembangmaupun advanced countries. But not all economies can solve the third problem in the same way.

SUMBER : http://pendidikanekonomiakuntansi.wordpress.com/category/masalah-ekonomi-dalam-kaitannya-dengan-kebutuhan-kelangkaan-dan-sistem-ekonomi/

NAME: SRI NURJANAH APRIANI

CLASS : 1EA09 (2EA01)

NPM : 16211875

TYPES OF CLAUSES

Types of Clauses

1.    INDEPENDENT CLAUSES  : Contain both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence. Example; jet lag affects  most long distance travelers.

2.    DEPENDENT CLAUSES : Contain both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Dependent clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, what, if, Example; Although there is no sure way to prevent jet lag.

Ø  TYPE OF CALUSES (DEPENDENT CLAUSES):

1.    NOUN CLAUSES -> what, where, why , hoe, when who,whom, which, whose, whether, that, and if. Example; He knows that his business will be successful.

 That there is a hole in the ozone  layer of the earth’s atmosphere is well known.

2.    ADJECTIVE CLAUSES-> who, whom, which, whose, that, where, and when. Examples; Men who are not married are called bachelors.

Last year we traveled to San Francisco, which is famous for its architecture.

3.    ADVERB CLAUSES : below is an example of adverb clauses:

TYPE OF CLAUSE	SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION	SENTENCES
PLACE	where, wherever	She drove wherever she wanted.
CAUSE	because, as, since	She got a parking ticket because she parked illegally.
PURPOSE	so that, in order that	He drove fast so that he could get to work on time.
RESULT	so ... that, such ... that	He drove so fast that he got a speeding ticket.
CONDITION	if, unless	If she hadn’t won the lottery, she would have been very unhappy.
CONCESSION	although, even though	Although she thought she was a good driver, she got a lot of tickets for speeding.

sumber: 

> http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/writing/forms/Types%20of%20Clauses.pdf

NAME: SRI NURJANAH APRIANI
CLASS : 1EA09 (2EA01)
NPM :16211875 

UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC

UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC

ECONOMICS is a field of study on the management of material resources of individuals, communities, and countries to increase human welfare. Since economics is a science of human behavior and actions to meet their needs are varied and expanding existing resources through the choices of production, consumption and or distribution.

The following are terms and definitions of the economy, according to some experts:

# ADAM SMITH

 Economics is the investigation of the circumstances and because the wealth of the country

# MILL J. S

 Economics is the science of practical about spending and billing

# ABRAHAM MASLOW

 Economics is one of the areas of study that tried to solve fundamental purpose of human life through the forging of all economic resources available to the ° Based certain principles and theory in an economic system that is effective and efficient

# HERMAWAN Kartajaya

 Economics is a platform where the industry is attached on top

# PAUL A. Samuelson

The economy is a means by which man and his group to utilize limited resources to obtain various commodities and distribute them for consumption by the public

  When talking about the economy, automatically we will also talk about economics in which economics is a science and study the membahsa study of economics itself. In general, economics is divided into two. namely macroeconomics and microeconomics.

Macroeconomics study the behavior of the economy as a whole about the economic and micro economics focuses more on the individual decisions of both the household and corporate sectors in mengalokasina resources to meet their needs.

The economic system is a fusion of the rules or ways of being a single entity and are used to achieve the objectives in the economy. A system can be likened to tiny circles interconnected with each other. Small circles is a complete subsystem. Subsystems interact with each other and eventually form a unified system in a big circle that moves according to the rules. Various economic problems faced by all countries in the world, can only be solved by an economic system adopted by each country. The difference in the application of the economic system may occur due to differences in governance systems and the differences in ownership of a country's resources.

The economic system can function as:

• Means incentive for production

• The way or method to organize individual activities

• Create a specific mechanism that distribution of goods and services carried out well.

Kinds of Economic System

1.Socialist Economic System-communistic

In-communistic socialist economic system is the opposite, where the economic resources or factors of production controlled by the state. A country with a socialist-communist economic system, emphasis on community togetherness in running and promoting the economy.

In this system stand out is the unity, in which all means of production belong together (country) and distributed to the common good according to their individual needs.

2. Liberal-Capitalist Economic Sistem

Liberal-capitalist economic system is a system that gives great freedom for economic actors to conduct the best interests of the individual or resource-economic resources or factors of production. Broadly speaking, the characteristics of liberal capitalist economy is as follows:

1. There is widespread recognition of the right to privacy

2. Practice atus economy by market mechanisms

3. Practice economy driven by the profit motive (profile motife)

3. Economic Sistem Mixed (mixed economy)

In addition to the two extremes of the economic system, there is a different system that is "a mixture: of the two, with various levels of donations fariasi, with fariasi name and by its terms. Mixed economic system generally adopted by developing countries or countries of the third world. Some countries are quite consistent in concocting a mixed economy, in the sense that capitalists always higher levels (eg the Philippines) or greater weight socialism (eg India). But many who waver in concocting a mixture of the two systems, sometimes leaning capitalist.

Basically a mixed economic system or economic system with a competitive democratic control, an economic system that is best suited to manage the economy in Indonesia, however, lately Indonesia's economic system increasingly skewed to the liberal and capitalist economy it is characterized by the rapid entry of foreign capital to Indonesia and a number of state-owned enterprises and enterprises that have been privatized. The trend is spurred the swift currents of globalization and the demise of a number of communist countries in Eastern Europe are applying economic-communistic socialism.

In relation to the economic system, there are three known forms of economic systems in the world, namely:

1. Centralized economic system (socialist economic system) or called a Command Economy, which is an economic system in which the government makes all the policies regarding the production, distribution, and consumption. In other words, in a purely social economic system, the government regulate all aspects of economic activity.

2. Market economic system (Laissez-Faire Economy), an economic system based on individual freedom and enterprise in determining the range of economic activities, such as consumption and production. The economy will determine the balance point with the ability to rely on the price system, the attraction between demand and supply. Equilibrium price and quantity of goods and services in the economy are guided by something invisible (invisible hand).

3. Mixed economic system which is a combination of the market economy and a centrally-planned. Da lam mixed economy, individual liberty and enterprise in determining economic activity is recognized, but the government intervened in the economy as an economic stabilizer by imposing a variety of fiscal and monetary policies.

sumber:
> http://thedarkancokullujaba.blogspot.com/2012/09/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html
> http://carapedia.com/pengertian_definisi_ekonomi_menurut_para_ahli_info501.html

NAME: SRI NURJANAH APRIANI
CLASS : 1EA09 (2EA01)
NPM : 16211875